Have you been bugged?

    Warning Signs of Covert Eavesdropping or Bugging

    If any of the following warning signs apply and you are concerned about covert eavesdropping or wiretapping then it would be wise to contact a TSCM SPECIALIST (Technical Surveillance Counter Measure) and schedule a "Bug Sweep". However, do not call from a suspect telephone, cellular telephone, or cordless phone and understand that it is critical that you should get someone out to your location as quietly, and as quickly as possible. You may choose to do the sweep yourself with some of our Counter Surveillance Products.

    Are you a potential target? If eavesdropping on anything you say, write, or do could increase someone else's wealth or influence, then the answer must be yes, you are a potential target.

     

    1. Others know your confidential business or professional trade secrets.
      This is the most obvious indicator of covert eavesdropping activities. Theft of confidential information is a multi-billion dollar underground industry in the United States. Often the loss of your secrets will show up in very subtle ways so you should always trust your instincts in this matter. When your competitors know things that are obviously private, or the media finds out about things they should not know, then it is reasonable to suspect technical eavesdropping or bugging.

       

    2. Secret meetings and bids seem to be less than secret.
      Confidential meetings and bids are very popular targets for corporate spies. How would you like the plans for the corporate takeovers you're planning to become public knowledge? Would copies of your product designs be of any use to your competitors? Would it be beneficial for your competitors to know how much you're quoting for the same project?

       

    3. People seem to know your activities when they shouldn't.

       

    4. You have noticed strange sounds or volume changes on your phone lines.
      This is commonly caused by an amateur eavesdropper when they attach a wiretap, or activate a similar listening device. Surveillance devices often cause slight anomalies on the telephone line such a volume shift or drop-out. Professional eavesdroppers and their equipment usually do not make such noises; so if this is going on it could indicate that an amateur eavesdropper is listening in.

       

    5. You have noticed static, popping, or scratching on your phone lines.
      This is caused by the capacitive discharge which occurs when two conductors are connected together (such as a bug or wiretap on a phone line). This is also a sign that an amateur eavesdropper or poorly trained spy is playing with your phone lines. It could be nothing more then a problem with your phone line or instrument, but a TSCM person should evaluate the situation to make sure.

       

    6. Sounds are coming from your phones handset when it's hung up.
      This is often caused by a hook switch bypass, which turns the telephone receiver into a eavesdropping microphone (and also a speaker). There is probably somebody listening to everything you say or do within twenty feet of the telephone (if this is happening).

       

    7. Your phone often rings and nobody is there, or a very faint tone, or high pitched squeal/beep is heard for a fraction of a second.
      This is an indicator of a slave device, or line extender being used on your phone line. This is also a key indicator of a harmonica bug, or infinity transmitter being used. Of course it may also be nothing more then a fax machine or modem calling the wrong number (but a TSCM person should evaluate the situation to make sure).

       

    8. You can hear a tone on your line when your phone is on the hook (by using an external amplifier).
      To check for something like this you would have to obtain a "recorder starter" interface (with a VOX option), or some kind of a high gain audio amplifier such as a uAmp or Kaiser 1059. Then with the phone hung-up listen to your telephone wiring. If you hear a faint solid dual tone it is a dead giveaway of someone using a "slave" eavesdropping device on your (or one of your neighbors) telephone lines. Such devices create a "command tone" when the subject hangs up the phone (so you must ensure that all of your phones are hung-up). On an added note: the most common command tones for illicit eavesdropping devices are 2100 Hz and DTMF-C, but any tone combination may be used.

       

    9. Your AM/FM radio has suddenly developed strange interference.
      Many amateur and spy shop eavesdropping devices use frequencies within or just outside the FM radio band, these signals tend to drift and will "quiet" an FM radio in the vicinity of the bug. Look for the transmissions at far ends of the FM radio band, and at any quiet area within the FM band. If the radio begins to squeal then slowly move it around the room until the sound become very high pitched. This is referred to as feedback detection or loop detection and will often locate the bug. The "stereo" function should be turned off so the radio is operating in "mono" as this will provide a serious increase in sensitivity. If you find a "squealer" in this manner then immediately contact a TSCM and get them to your location FAST.

       

    10. You car radio suddenly starts "getting weird"
      Keep in mind that the antenna your car radio uses may be (and often is) exploited by an eavesdropper, and that such usage may interfere with radio reception (so be concerned if you automobile radio suddenly starts getting weird).

       

    11. Your television has suddenly developed strange interference.
      Television broadcast frequencies are often used to cloak a eavesdropping signal, but such a devices also tends to interfere with television reception (usually a UHF channel). Televisions also "suck in" a lot of RF energy and because of this are very sensitive to any nearby transmitters (this is technically called "Bandwidth, and TV signals use a lot of it). A small handheld television with a collapsible antenna may be used to sweep a room. Carefully watch for interference around channel numbers 2, 7, 13, 14, 50-60, and 66-68 as these frequencies are very popular with eavesdroppers.

       

    12. You have been the victim of a burglary, but nothing was taken.
      Professional eavesdroppers often break into a targets home or office, and very rarely leave direct evidence of the break-in; however, occupants of the premises will often "pickup on something not being right" such as the furniture being moved slightly.

       

    13. Electrical wall plates appear to have been moved slightly or "jarred".
      One of the most popular locations to hide eavesdropping devices is inside, or behind electrical outlets, switches, smoke alarms, and lighting fixtures. This requires that the wall plates be removed. Look for small amounts of debris located on the floor directly below the electrical outlet. Also, watch for slight variations in the color or appearance of the power outlets and/or light switches as these are often swapped out by an eavesdropper. Also note if any of the screws which hold the wallplate against the wall have been moved from their previous position.

       

    14. A dime-sized discoloration has suddenly appeared on the wall or ceiling.
      This is a tell tale sign that a pinhole microphone or small covert video camera has been recently installed.

       

    15. One of your vendors just gave you any type of electronic device such as a desk radio, alarm clock, lamp, small TV, boom box, CD player, and so on.
      Many of these "gifts" are actually trojan horses which contain eavesdropping devices. Be very suspicious of any kind of pen, marker, briefcase, calculator, "post-it" dispenser, power adapter, pager, cell phone, cordless phone, clock, radio, lamp, and so on that is given as a gift. That little gift the salesman left for you may be a serious hazard.

       

    16. A small bump or deformation has appeared on the vinyl baseboard near the floor.
      Strong indicator that someone may have concealed covert wiring or a microphone imbedded into the adhesive which holds the molding to the wall. Such deformation will often appear as a color shift, or lightening of the color.

       

    17. The smoke detector, clock, lamp, or exit sign in your office or home looks slightly crooked, has a small hole in the surface, or has a quasi reflective surface.
      These items are very popular concealment for covert eavesdropping devices. Often when these devices are installed at a target location they are rarely installed straight. Also watch out for things like this that "just appear", or when there is a slight change in their appearance.

       

    18. Certain types of items have "just appeared" in your office of home, but nobody seems to know how they got there.
      Typical items to watch for and beware of are: clocks, exit signs, sprinkler heads, radios, picture frames, and lamps.

       

    19. White dry-wall dust or debris is noticed on the floor next to the wall.
      A sign that a pinhole microphone or video camera may have been installed nearby. It will appear as if someone has dropped a small amount of powdered sugar either on the floor, or on the wall.

       

    20. You notice small pieces of ceiling tiles, or "grit" on the floor, or on the surface area of your desk.
      Prime indicator that a ceiling tile has been moved around, and that someone may have installed a hidden video camera or other eavesdropping device in your office or near your desk. Also watch for cracks or chips in the ceiling tiles. Amateur and poorly trained spies tend to crack or damage acoustical tiles. The ceiling tiles in any executive areas should never contain any cracks, nicks, gouges, or stains. Any ceiling tile that becomes damaged (for what ever reason) should immediately replaced and the cause to the damage documented. In such cases it is also wise to have a TSCM specialist inspect the area around the chipped, broken, or damaged tile to determine if a hostile eavesdropping device may have been introduced.

       

    21. You notice that "Phone Company" trucks and utilities workers are spending a lot of time near your home or office doing repair work.
      If you see the same or similar vehicles more then three times then you may have a serious problem (at least according to the U.S. State Department training course on counter surveillance).

       

    22. Telephone, cable, plumbing, or air conditioning repair people show up to do work when no one called them.
      A very common ruse which eavesdroppers use to get into a facility is to fake a utility outage, and then show up to fix the problem. While they are fixing "the problem" they are also installing eavesdropping devices. Some of the more popular outage involve power, air conditioning, telephone, and even the occasional false fire alarm.

       

    23. Service or delivery trucks are often parked nearby with nobody (you can see) in them.
      These vehicles are commonly used as listening posts, be very cautious of any vehicle which has a ladder or pipe rack on the roof. Also, be wary of any vehicle which has tinted windows, or an area which you cannot see though (like a service van). The listening post vehicle could be any vehicle from a small Geo Tracker, Suburban, Blazer, Trooper, or Cargo Van. Look for any vehicle which could conceal a person in the back or has tinted windows. Also, keep in mind that the eavesdropper may relocate the vehicle several times, so look around. Typically, eavesdroppers like to get within 500-750 feet from the place or person they are eavesdropping on.

       

    24. Your door locks suddenly don't "feel right", they suddenly start to get "sticky", or they completely fail.
      Prime evidence that the lock has been picked, manipulated, or bypassed. Try to always use biaxial locks with sidebars (such as ASSA or Medeco). Also, only use double sided deadbolts in all doors, and good quality window bars on all windows, and a good quality door bar on all doors not used as a primary entry doors.

       

    25. Furniture has been moved slightly, and no one knows why.
      A very popular location for the installation of eavesdropping device is either behind, or inside furniture (couch, chair, lamp, etc.) People who live or work in a targeted area tend to notice when furnishings have been moved even a fraction of an inch. Pay close attention to the imprint which furniture makes on rugs, and the position of lamps shades. Also watch the distance between furniture and the wall as eavesdroppers are usually in a hurry and rarely put the furniture back in the right place.

       

    26. Things "seem" to have been rummaged through, but nothing is missing (at least that you noticed).
      A "less than professional spy" will often rummage through a targets home for hours, but very rarely will they do it in a neat and orderly fashion. The most common "rummaging" targets are the backs of desk drawers, the bottom of file cabinets, closets, and dresser drawers.
      27.

    When contacting any TSCM firm please remember not to call
    from any suspect area, do not use your cellular telephone,
    do not use your cordless phone, and do not use any suspect
    telephone (instead call from a sterile phone somewhere outside
    the suspect area).

    Who Gets Bugged?

    High Threat Business Situations  

    • Your company has stock which is publicly traded (or will be soon)
       
    • Your company is having labor problems, union activities, or negotiations
       
    • Your company is involved in any type of litigation or lawsuit
       
    • Your company has layoffs pending (or they have just happened)
       
    • Your company is involved in the fashion, automotive, advertising, or marketing industry

    Anyone can be the target of covert eavesdropping, however; some people are under greater risk than others because of financial position, occupation, legal, or domestic situation.  

    • Spouses bug each other on a regular basis
       
    • Parents bug children
       
    • Businessmen bug other businessmen
       
    • Scientists bug other scientists
       
    • Students bug professors
       
    • Attorneys bug other attorneys (and their clients)
       
    • Insurance companies bug accident victims, and other claimants
       
    • Construction companies bug other construction companies
       
    • Salesmen bug clients
       
    • Collection agencies bug debtors
       
    • Police officers bug suspects
       
    • Executive recruiters bug personnel directors
       
    • Rock fans bug rock musicians
       
    • Department stores bug customers and merchandise
      •

    The Neighbors, Coworkers, Friends, Enemies, Strangers, Your Spouse,
    Industrial Spies, Government Agents, Your Insurance Company, Your Boss...

    High Threat Personal Situations (When to be seriously concerned)

    You (or someone close to you) have been:  

    • Involved in any type of litigation or lawsuit
       
    • Been questioned, arrested or arraigned by the police
       
    • In the process of getting married, divorced, or separated
       
    • A minister or religious leader (ie: priest, rabbi, deacon, bishop, elder...)
       
    • Running for any type of elected public office
       
    • Elected to any public office (ie: mayor, selectman, school principal)
       
    • Executive or scientist at any large company
       
    • Recently filed a insurance claim
       
    • Engaging in political demonstrations or activism
       
    • Employed by a defense contractor, Department of Energy, etc...
       
    • Private Investigators have been "poking" around
       
    • You are in the upper income bracket
      •

      Keep in mind that anybody with Money, Power, Influence, or access to sensitive, classified, or personal information is at serious personal risk.

    On a related note: If you work (or have worked) for any kind of military, governmental, law enforcement or judicial agency the possibility of you being targeted for eavesdropping is very high. Such eavesdropping can come from either side of the law, and is rarely legal or court sanctioned.

    Additionally, people married to, associated with, divorced from, getting divorced from, dating, or getting intimate with a member of law enforcement, private security, PI, or any level of the judicial system should be concerned about illegal eavesdropping (yes, cops love to bug their wives and girlfriends).

    High Threat Occupations  

    • Attorney
    • Doctor
    • Chiropractor
    • Dentist
    • Architect
    • Police Officer
    • Court Clerk
    • Judge
    • Elected to any public office
    • Mayor
    • Selectman
    • School Principal
    • College Professor
    • Product Engineer
    • Software Developer
    • Executive at any large company
    • Scientist at any large company
    • Employed by any defense contractor
    • Employed by the Department of Energy
    • Any minister or religious leader (ie: deacon, bishop, elder...)
    • Corporate Buyer or Purchasing Agent
    • Scientists bug other scientists
    • Employee of a Construction Contractor
    • Any type Sales or Marketing
    • Labor or Union Official
    • Fashion
    • Advertising
    • Personnel Directors
      •

    According the FBI the following types of businesses are under EXTREME risk and are popular targets of illegal bugging, wiretapping, and similar surveillance:  

      Materials:

    • Materials synthesis and processing
    • Electronic and photonic materials
    • Ceramics
    • Composites
    • High-performance metals and alloys

      Manufacturing:

    • Flexible computer-integrated manufacturing
    • Intelligence processing equipment
    • Micro- and nanofabrication
    • Systems management technologies

      Information and Communications:

    • Software
    • Micro and optoelectronics
    • High-performance computing and networking
    • High-definition imaging and displays
    • Sensors and signal processing
    • Data storage and peripherals
    • Computer simulation and modeling

      Biotechnology and Life Sciences:

    • Applied molecular biology
    • Computational Chemistry
    • Medical technology

      Transportation:

    • Aeronautics
    • Surface transportation technologies

      Energy and Environment:

    • Energy technologies
    • Pollution minimization, remediation, and waste management 
Common Frequencies used by Bugging Devices
44.500 -  51.000 MHz		Baby and Room monitors (49.83, 49.845, 49.875, etc...) 
 72.100 -  75.400 MHz		Hearing Assistance Systems 
 54.000 - 150.000 MHz		Kit Bugs 
 
 78.000 - 115.000 MHz		Cheap out-of-band FM Bugs 
112.000 - 142.000 MHz		Cheap out-of-band FM Bugs 
140.000 - 160.000 MHz		Cheap out-of-band FM Bugs 
 
 60.000 - 320.000 MHz		Low Cost kit bugs 
398.000 - 406.000 MHz		DECO Bugs (398.600/605, 399.450/455, 399.025/030, 406 MHz)  
 25.000 - 450.000 MHz		European/English Kit Bugs 
 
150.000 - 216.000 MHz		Typical VHF "Body Wire" & Pro-Grade Bugs 
109.000 - 140.000 MHz		Digital VHF Pro-Grade Bugs 
138.000 - 174.000 MHz		Typical "Spy Shop" & LE Cheap VHF Bugs (155-172 Popular)
140.000 - 150.000 MHz		Popular Xandi Flea power kits (143/144 MHz)
150.000 - 170.000 MHz		Popular Japanese Flea power kits (under 5mw) 

150.000 - 220.000 MHz		Commercial Wireless Microphones
169.000 - 172.000 MHz		47 CFR 90.265 Authorization *** VERY Popular ***
174.000 - 216.000 MHz		47 CFR 2.106 (NG115) Authorization
395.000 - 410.000 MHz		German UHF Bugs (PK Electronics)
365.000 - 455.000 MHz		English UHF Bugs (Lorraine/Ruby Electronics)
219.000 - 530.000 MHz		English UHF Wireless Microphones (300-500 popular)
470.000 - 608.000 MHz		Commercial Wireless Microphones 
730.000 - 806.000 MHz		Commercial Wireless Microphones 

310.000 - 980.000 MHz		Sony Bugs (.1mw - 3mw, Spread Spectrum) 
470.000 - 489.000 MHz		Sony Bugs (2.5mw - 20mw, WFM, Ultra low power) 
770.000 - 810.000 MHz		Sony Bugs (2.5mw - 20mw, WFM, Ultra low power) 
902.000 - 928.000 MHz		Sony Bugs (2.5mw - 20mw, WFM, Ultra low power) 
947.000 - 954.000 MHz		Sony Bugs (2.5mw - 20mw, WFM, Ultra low power) 

889.000 - 960.000 MHz		Modified Cordless Phones (S/S & Hoppers) 
 
380.000 - 480.000 MHz		Video Bugs - UHF TV Channels
430.000 - 820.000 MHz		Popular US Video/Audio Bugging Systems

890.000 - 960.000 MHz		Video Bugs - US	(902-928 Hot) 
905.000 - 928.000 MHz		Video/Audio Consumer Products (i.e. Recoton) 

1.100 -	1.400 GHz		Video Bugs - *Very Hot in US/England/France/etc* 
1.700 -	1.930 GHz		Video Bugs - US 
2.400 -	2.500 GHz		Video Bugs - US *** VERY Popular *** 
3.500 -	4.500 GHz		Video Bugs - *Very Hot in England/France/etc* 
5.725 -	5.850 GHz		Video Bugs - US *** VERY Popular ***
6.200 -	7.500 GHz		Video Bugs - US *** VERY Popular ***

 8.00 - 12.50 GHz		X-band Audio/Video Bugs
20.00 - 26.00 GHz		K-band Audio/Video Bugs (Gaining Popularity)
70.00 -110.00 GHz		M-band Audio/Video Bugs (Gaining Popularity)